The following formula can be used for calculating kurtosis for a variable x, with xi representing the individual values, with n data points and a standard deviation of s: Kurtosis In addition to the symmetry of the distribution, the type of peak that the distribution has, is important to consider. Figure 5.4 shows example skewness values for three variables. If the right tail is longer than the left tail then the value is positive and if the left tail is longer than the right tail then the skewness score is negative. A skewness value of zero indicates that the distribution is symmetrical. S3 is the standard deviation cubed or s s s.
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